What are the two aspects that motivation accounts for changes in?

Motivation plays a crucial role in influencing behavioral outcomes, and it specifically accounts for changes in frequency and vigor. Frequency refers to how often a certain behavior is enacted, while vigor pertains to the intensity or energy with which the behavior is performed. High levels of motivation can lead to more frequent engagement in a task and greater intensity in performance, which overall enhances productivity and success.

For example, a motivated student is more likely to study regularly (higher frequency) and put in greater effort during study sessions (increased vigor), leading to better learning outcomes. This relationship highlights the impact of motivation on both how often we engage in an activity and how energetically we pursue it. Understanding this concept is essential for instructors, as fostering motivation within learners can significantly influence their engagement and achievements.